From Ideal Optimization to Practical Design

Hybrid Beamforming for ISAC Systems

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Inhaltsverzeichnis, PDF (640 KB)

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems at millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies enable high-rate communication and high-resolution sensing. However, their high propagation losses and large antenna arrays require beamforming (BF), which increases hardware (HW) complexity. Hybrid beamforming (HBF) offers a trade-off between system performance and HW cost, but many existing designs neglect practical HW constraints and non-idealities.

This thesis investigates HBF for ISAC systems from three perspectives. First, a system-level HBF framework for multi-user ISAC systems with partially connected architectures is developed, jointly addressing communication and sensing while incorporating receiver-side processing and high-resolution direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation. Second, practical HW impairments, including power amplifier nonlinearity, antenna mutual coupling, and finite-resolution phase shifters, are analyzed and compensated for through HW-aware BF strategies. Third, the practical implementation of HBF is evaluated on field-programmable gate array (FPGA) platforms, demonstrating the importance of task partitioning and parallelization in balancing performance, precision, and HW resources.

Overall, this thesis bridges theoretical BF design, HW-aware optimization, and practical implementation, providing insights and guidelines for future ISAC systems.