Effects of Soil Fertility Management Practices on Nutrient Availability and Yield of Rice in Myanmar

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In recent years in Myanmar, like elsewhere in Asia, great efforts have been made to intensify the production of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to feed a rapidly growing population. Most of these efforts concentrated on lowland ‘paddy’ fields that were subjected to irrigated doubleand triple-cropping systems. However, even there rice yields are stagnating at about 3 t ha-1 per harvest which is likely due to inadequate application of nutrients, mainly mineral nitrogen (N) and manure, sub-optimal management of cropping sequences and water and to other still unknown factors such as intensification-induced changes in soil quality. To investigate yield constraints and options to overcome these, a multi-factorial experiment was conducted for six seasons from 2001-2003 at the two agro-ecologically contrasting field sites of Hmawbi and Yezin in lower and upper Myanmar, respectively.