Optimierung des Einsatzes brennstoffzellenbasierter Mikro-KWK-Anlagen unter Berücksichtigung des gesteuerten Ladens von Elektrofahrzeugen (English shop)

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Fuel cell-based micro combined heat and power plants (micro-CHP plants) represent a promising technology for the decentralised supply of individual households with electricity and heat. However, their currently still inadequate cost-effectiveness, particularly in the case of systems with very small capacities, constitutes a decisive barrier to their market success. Accordingly, the question arises as to how existing flexibility potentials can be exploited, on the one hand in the operation of the plant and on the other hand in the local demand structure, in order to improve cost-effectiveness. In the future, the controlled domestic charging of electric vehicles (EV) may also offer itself as a demand-side flexibility potential.

In the present work, the model system P-OPT for the integrated optimisation of the operation of a fuel cell-based micro-CHP plant and of the EV charging process is developed and applied. In addition to an exactly solvable mixed-integer linear program, a problem-specific greedy heuristic is also employed for the optimisation. Demand-side uncertainties are addressed by means of different methods for household-specific load forecasting.

On the basis of P-OPT, an extensive case study is carried out for four households of different sizes, each in two heat demand variants. The evaluation of the results shows that the model system creates the possibility of economically optimising the usually heat-led operation of fuel cell-based micro-CHP plants, with annual savings of 10 % on average and up to a maximum of 18 % being achieved in the case study.