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Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of the Physical Processes Related to the Retention Capability of a Double Screen Element against Liquid Hydrogen in Earth's Gravity and in Microgravity with Respect to the Applied Stimuli

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Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of the Physical Processes Related to the Retention Capability of a Double Screen Element against Liquid Hydrogen in Earth's Gravity and in Microgravity with Respect to the Applied Stimuli (English shop)

André Pingel (Author)

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ISBN-13 (Hard Copy) 9783736976429
ISBN-13 (eBook) 9783736966420
Language English
Page Number 404
Lamination of Cover glossy
Edition 1.
Publication Place Göttingen
Place of Dissertation Bremen
Publication Date 2022-08-04
General Categorization Dissertation
Departments Manufacturing and production engineering
Keywords Wasserstoff, Flüssiger Wasserstoff, Mikrogravitation, Doppelsiebelement, Siebe, Kryostat, Kryotechnik, Fallturm, Fluidhandhabung, Radiale Dochtwirkung, Siebdurchflussdruckverlust, Blasendurchbruchsdruck, Erdgravitation, Rückhaltevermögen, Experimente, Sättigungstemperatur, Technologie-Reifegrad, Phasentrennung, Mathematisches Modell, Numerisches Modell, Treibstoff, Meniskus, Verdampfung, Kondensation, Phasenwechsel, Oberflächenspannung, Kapillarstatik, Nodoid, Blase, Testanlage, Überhitzung, Differenzdruck, Testzelle, Poröse Medien, Wärmeübertragung, Freie Oberfläche, Flüssigkeitsanstieg, Druckabsenkung, Treibstofftank, Trägerrakete, Raumfahrzeug, Flüssigkeitsfilm, hydrogen, liquid hydrogen, microgravity, double screen element, screens, cryostat, crygenics, drop tower, fluid handling, radial wicking, flow through screen pressure loss, bubble point, Earth's gravity, retention capability, experiments, saturation temperature, technology readiness level, phase separation, mathematical model, numerical model, propellant, meniscus, evaporation, condensation, phase change, surface tension, capillary static, nodoid, bubble, test facility, superheating, differential pressure, test cell, porous media, heat transfer, free surface, liquid rise, depressurization, propellant tank, rocket, spacecraft, liquid film
Description

Metal screens are commonly used as components for fluid handling in spacecraft and rocket tank designs. In most cases, the screens perform a passive separation of the propellant phases. The separation of the liquid from the gaseous propellant phase, is a special challenge. Liquid-gas phase separation means that the gaseous phase is allowed to enter a phase separation device while the liquid phase is blocked. The technical application of this process is the depressurization in a propellant tank. A certain amount of the gaseous propellant phase is vented from the tank through the gas port. The liquid propellant phase remains in the tank in order to be stored for the engine. However, if the tank causes a liquid movement during the depressurization, a part of the liquid can potentially enter the gas port. In order to prevent the unwanted liquid outflow, a separation of the liquid from the gas is necessary. This is possible with the aid of a double screen element and has already been performed for storable liquids in Earth’s gravity and microgravity as well as for cryogenic liquids in Earth’s gravity. At the current state of the art, the separation of the liquid from the gaseous phase of the cryogenic propellant hydrogen using a double screen element has not been performed in microgravity. However, with regard to a possible application, it is mandatory to investigate the function of the double screen element for the real propellant under relevant environmental conditions.
In this work, a cryogenic test facility has been developed and operated successfully under Earth’s gravity and microgravity conditions using the drop tower at the University of Bremen. Hereby, the original, cryogenic propellant phases: liquid and gaseous hydrogen, have been used. The experiments show the appearance of the physical processes which are related to the retention capability of a double screen element against liquid hydrogen. Furthermore, these physical processes can obviously be influenced by an unknown boundary condition at the screens: the screen saturation. This unknown boundary condition in turn can obviously be influenced by a certain stimulus which causes a special, fluid mechanical process.
A simplified mathematical and two numerical models have been developed which combine the observed, physical processes in the experiments. Two fitting parameters are introduced which influence the flow through screen pressure loss of the liquid and the gaseous hydrogen phase. After the fitting to experimental data, the two fitting parameters have been interpreted with respect to a possible screen saturation. The results lead to a prediction of the unknown boundary condition and indicate that a partial saturation of the screens with liquid could be present in each considered experiment. This can possibly lead to a major influence of the overall resistance of the double screen element against liquid hydrogen.